HIV levels can be higher in vaginal fluid when a person is menstruating. HIV-related infections, like candidiasis, can cause sores that affect the integrity of the tissue in the mouth. Openings in the mouth, vagina, anus, or on the penis are possible routes for HIV transmission - for example, if a person’s gums bleed after they brush their teeth or if they have lesions in their mouth as a result of another condition. During oral sex, ejaculation may increase the risk of transmission. If the viral load is undetectable, there’s a much lower chance of transmitting the virus. There’s a larger risk of contracting HIV if the HIV-positive person has a high viral load, which increases infectivity. If the HIV-positive person is receiving oral sex, the person giving it may have a higher risk. Risk varies based on whether the person who is HIV-positive is giving or receiving oral sex. These factors can increase the risk of HIV transmission through oral sex: ![]() Similarly, anilingus (oral-anal sex), or “ rimming,” is said to have a very low risk of transmission. But if a person receiving cunnilingus is menstruating and HIV-positive, there’s a potential chance of transmission. There are no documented cases of HIV being transmitted between partners through cunnilingus (oral-vaginal sex). In fact, infection is only likely to be possible if the person giving oral sex is bleeding from the gums, a cut, or an ulcer in their mouth and is HIV-positive. Enzymes in the saliva can be protective in that they neutralize many viral particles. Insertive oral sex has a much lower risk of transmission. The risk is higher if pre-cum or semen from an HIV-positive person enters the mouth of another. Receptive oral sex with a person who was assigned male at birth (AMAB) and has HIV does have a potential risk, if only a low one. Plus, securing data requires asking people to give detailed information about their sex lives.įellatio (oral-penile sex) carries some risk: ![]() It can be hard to know where transmission occurred, as people who engage in oral sex also tend to engage in vaginal or anal sex. ![]() There’s also only a risk if the person with HIV has a detectable viral load. There are few studies in this area, making it difficult to give a precise risk level. While estimates of HIV transmission during oral sex are low, they aren’t zero. What’s the risk for different types of oral sex?Īccording to HIV.gov, oral sex has a low risk of transmitting HIV.
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